Modulation
Channel model
Antennas (MIMO)
Receiver
Channel coding
Carrier & OFDM
Monte-Carlo sweep
Link-level bit-error performance
Real DSP, end to end: random bits → Gray-mapped QAM → OFDM subcarriers → a 3GPP TR 38.901 tapped-delay-line fading channel (Doppler & delay spread) → AWGN → channel estimation → MMSE equalization → max-log LLR demapping → Polar successive-cancellation decoder. Every point on the curve is a Monte-Carlo run, overlaid on the closed-form theory.
BER / BLER vs SNR — run to populate —
BER (sim)
BLER (sim)
theory
Log-scale waterfall. With coding ON, watch the BLER curve fall left of uncoded — that gap is the real coding gain.